👨‍💻Technology

Technology Stack and Integration

Estate Protocol is a platform that facilitates fractional ownership in prime properties located in economically stable countries, providing people anywhere the benefits of co-ownership and diversifying their investments, all using cryptocurrencies. Estate Protocol's sophisticated real estate tokenization platform bridges access to real world assets into the digital world through blockchain, empowering the global investor.

System Description The Estate Protocol MVP system is composed of five subsystems:

• A Web3 frontend application, for users to interact with smart contracts • A frontend application for administrative tasks • A set of smart contracts • A backend application to provide API services and • A database to store common data.

Smart Contracts

Several smart contracts have been developed to manage the product's lifecycle.

There are various existing open-source implementations of the security tokens; after a thorough review and analysis of them, we decided to base our implementation on PolyMath ST-20 token implementation (fully compatible with ERC-20 for maximum compatibility and interoperability with other DeFi and RWA projects). With the modifications that were required due to the unique requirement of Estate Protocol tokens and the regulatory demands.

The high-level architecture of the smart contracts layers is depicted in the following diagram:

The most important modules in our implementation are:

The Security Token (ST-20) is an instantiation of the ST-20 protocol, designed to incorporate various modules for customizable control over its behavior. These modules can be affixed to the Security Token.

Our ST-20 token operates on the Ethereum platform, built upon the ERC-20 protocol, with an added capability for tokens to regulate transfers based on specific criteria. Transfer Managers are employed by ST-20 tokens to define the set of rules governing transfers, whether they involve transactions between the issuer and investors, peer-to-peer exchanges, or interactions with an exchange.

In essence, it simplifies to having a foundational token that empowers the issuer to enhance functionality by integrating modules.

• Transfer Manager modules: These govern the rationale behind transfers and dictate whether they are permissible or prohibited. Initially, the Security Token (ST) comes equipped with a GeneralTransferManager module, which is appended to ascertain the permissibility of transfers using a whitelist-oriented approach.

• Security Token Offering (STO) modules: Each Security Token can be linked exclusively to a single STO module, governing the mechanism for the sale/distribution of those tokens.

• Permission Manager modules: These components oversee permissions across various facets of the issuance procedure. The issuer can employ this module to regulate permissions and appoint administrators for the token. For instance, the issuer could grant permissions to a KYC to include investors in the whitelist.

• Checkpoint Module: These modules empower the issuer to establish specific points in the token's timeline where balances and the overall token supply can be reliably assessed. This feature proves valuable for dividend payment systems and on-chain governance, both of which require the ability to consistently determine token balances at designated moments in time.

• Burn Modules: These modules allow issuers or investors to burn or redeem their tokens in exchange for another token which can be on-chain or off-chain.

Web3 Frontend

The web3 frontend application (dApp) provides the access for users to interact with Estate Protocol smart contracts. Users can browse a selection of real estate properties and check the facts, features and financial details of these properties. If they would like to purchase property-backed ERC20 tokens, they need to go through a KYC process first, provided by Persona (https://withpersona.com). Then users can connect with their crypto wallets (or use our Web3Auth integration to quickly generate a crypto wallet for them just using email address) and purchase these Security tokens.

For a seamless cross-chain experience, we plan to integrate Synapse’s bridge SDK that lets users convert their tokens across different networks right on our webpage, without having to click away.

Each user would have their own personal vault in their login panels. In the personal vault, users can have a detailed breakdown view of their current holdings of properties they have staked in and properties they have owned tokens for, and claim their rental yields periodically. They can also turn on a button to reinvest their holdings into new properties.

Chainlink Oracles for Pricing Data

To ensure accurate, reliable, and tamper-proof pricing data, we partnered with Chainlink to integrate their market-leading decentralized oracle network. Chainlink oracles provide real-time property valuations, market indices, and exchange rates from various trusted sources, maintaining transparency and trust in the valuation process.

API Integrations

Our platform incorporates APIs from Google Maps and Zillow, augmenting the user experience and providing valuable, third party insights into property-specific data.

Google Maps API integration enables users to visualize property locations, access satellite imagery, and obtain detailed geographic information. The Zillow API offers real-time property data, including estimated market values, historical price trends, and neighborhood analytics, contributing to informed decision-making.

Token Custody

Users self-custody their property tokens on Estate Protocol. It empowers users to securely manage their real estate tokens without third-party custodians. Users retain control over their private keys, mitigating centralized custody risks. The interface facilitates seamless wallet connectivity, asset management, and interaction with other dApps in the EVM-compatible ecosystem.

Frontend For Administration In the administrative panel, managerial tasks are organized into three major categories: property management, listing management and whitelist management. • In the property management section, users with administrative privileges can submit information such as facts and features of a new property to the database, and then create that property on the chain. They can also act as delegates for house tenants and pay rent for a specified period for any property with stable coins. In addition, administrators can initiate reward distribution for any property if there are any profits generated by the underlying real estate property. • In the listing management section, administrators can create a listing from an on-chain real estate property and launch it for staking by prospective investors. If staking end time has lapsed and the funding target is missed, any user can initiate the termination of the listing which would automatically trigger the refunding of staking coins to its owners. • In the whitelist management section, administrators can add a new address to the whitelist once it has gone through the KYC process. Administrators can also choose to enable or disable the functionality of whitelisting, for scenarios of internal testing or issue tracking. Backend Services and database The backend system provides the necessary services and APIs for ordinary CRUD actions. It also serves as a pivotal connection between web3 frontends and underlying storage and database services. It offers expeditious lookup services for properties and listings. More importantly, it enables multiple deployment of smart contracts and provides the essential utilities to coordinate these different deployments. In addition to these features, the backend provides necessary authentication services to protect the security of underlying data. For instance, multimedia contents for properties are stored securely in AWS S3 storage services and can be only visited by authorized requests.